Smoking and Parkinson's Disease: Using Parental Smoking as a Proxy to Explore Causality
Identifieur interne : 000855 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000854; suivant : 000856Smoking and Parkinson's Disease: Using Parental Smoking as a Proxy to Explore Causality
Auteurs : Ilis J. O'Reilly [États-Unis] ; Honglei Chen ; Hannah Gardener ; Xiang Gao ; Michael A. Schwarzschild ; Alberto AscherioSource :
- American Journal of Epidemiology [ 0002-9262 ] ; 2009-01-08.
Abstract
In epidemiologic studies and in studies of discordant twins, cigarette smoking has been consistently associated with a lower risk of Parkinson's disease, but whether this association is causal remains controversial. Alternatively, an infectious or toxic exposure in childhood or early adulthood could affect both the reward mechanisms that determine smoking behavior and the future risk of Parkinson's disease. If so, parental smoking, commonly established before the birth of the first child, would be unlikely to be related to Parkinson's disease risk. The authors assessed the association between Parkinson's disease and parental smoking during childhood in the Nurses Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study conducted in the United States. During 26 years and 18 years of follow-up, respectively, 455 newly diagnosed Parkinson's disease cases were documented among those who provided information on parental smoking. The age-adjusted, pooled relative rate of Parkinson's disease was 0.73 (95% confidence interval: 0.53, 1.00; P-trend0.04) comparing participants who reported that both parents smoked with those who reported that neither did. Adjustment for caffeine and alcohol intake did not materially change the results. If the inverse association between smoking and Parkinson's disease were due to confounding by an environmental factor or were the result of reverse causation, it is unlikely that parental smoking would predict Parkinson's disease.
Url:
DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwn388
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Schwarzschild</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ascherio, Alberto" sort="Ascherio, Alberto" uniqKey="Ascherio A" first="Alberto" last="Ascherio">Alberto Ascherio</name></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:07C2947D7A2CB192BB71DA53F534CFEC8AE792DA</idno><date when="2009" year="2009">2009</date><idno type="doi">10.1093/aje/kwn388</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/07C2947D7A2CB192BB71DA53F534CFEC8AE792DA/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000F77</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">000D93</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">000855</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a">Smoking and Parkinson's Disease: Using Parental Smoking as a Proxy to Explore Causality</title><author><name sortKey="O Reilly, Ilis J" sort="O Reilly, Ilis J" uniqKey="O Reilly I" first="Ilis J." last="O'Reilly">Ilis J. O'Reilly</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country wicri:rule="url">États-Unis</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Honglei" sort="Chen, Honglei" uniqKey="Chen H" first="Honglei" last="Chen">Honglei Chen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gardener, Hannah" sort="Gardener, Hannah" uniqKey="Gardener H" first="Hannah" last="Gardener">Hannah Gardener</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gao, Xiang" sort="Gao, Xiang" uniqKey="Gao X" first="Xiang" last="Gao">Xiang Gao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schwarzschild, Michael A" sort="Schwarzschild, Michael A" uniqKey="Schwarzschild M" first="Michael A." last="Schwarzschild">Michael A. Schwarzschild</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ascherio, Alberto" sort="Ascherio, Alberto" uniqKey="Ascherio A" first="Alberto" last="Ascherio">Alberto Ascherio</name></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">American Journal of Epidemiology</title><idno type="ISSN">0002-9262</idno><idno type="eISSN">1476-6256</idno><imprint><publisher>Oxford University Press</publisher><date type="published" when="2009-01-08">2009-01-08</date><biblScope unit="volume">169</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">6</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="678">678</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="682">682</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0002-9262</idno></series><idno type="istex">07C2947D7A2CB192BB71DA53F534CFEC8AE792DA</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1093/aje/kwn388</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0002-9262</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract">In epidemiologic studies and in studies of discordant twins, cigarette smoking has been consistently associated with a lower risk of Parkinson's disease, but whether this association is causal remains controversial. Alternatively, an infectious or toxic exposure in childhood or early adulthood could affect both the reward mechanisms that determine smoking behavior and the future risk of Parkinson's disease. If so, parental smoking, commonly established before the birth of the first child, would be unlikely to be related to Parkinson's disease risk. The authors assessed the association between Parkinson's disease and parental smoking during childhood in the Nurses Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study conducted in the United States. During 26 years and 18 years of follow-up, respectively, 455 newly diagnosed Parkinson's disease cases were documented among those who provided information on parental smoking. The age-adjusted, pooled relative rate of Parkinson's disease was 0.73 (95% confidence interval: 0.53, 1.00; P-trend0.04) comparing participants who reported that both parents smoked with those who reported that neither did. Adjustment for caffeine and alcohol intake did not materially change the results. If the inverse association between smoking and Parkinson's disease were due to confounding by an environmental factor or were the result of reverse causation, it is unlikely that parental smoking would predict Parkinson's disease.</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>États-Unis</li></country></list><tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Ascherio, Alberto" sort="Ascherio, Alberto" uniqKey="Ascherio A" first="Alberto" last="Ascherio">Alberto Ascherio</name><name sortKey="Chen, Honglei" sort="Chen, Honglei" uniqKey="Chen H" first="Honglei" last="Chen">Honglei Chen</name><name sortKey="Gao, Xiang" sort="Gao, Xiang" uniqKey="Gao X" first="Xiang" last="Gao">Xiang Gao</name><name sortKey="Gardener, Hannah" sort="Gardener, Hannah" uniqKey="Gardener H" first="Hannah" last="Gardener">Hannah Gardener</name><name sortKey="Schwarzschild, Michael A" sort="Schwarzschild, Michael A" uniqKey="Schwarzschild M" first="Michael A." last="Schwarzschild">Michael A. Schwarzschild</name></noCountry><country name="États-Unis"><noRegion><name sortKey="O Reilly, Ilis J" sort="O Reilly, Ilis J" uniqKey="O Reilly I" first="Ilis J." last="O'Reilly">Ilis J. O'Reilly</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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